North Dakota

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Farmers can lower operational expenses and reduce environmental impacts by adopting precision technology, improving soil health, and utilizing official conservation programs. The USDA has financial help and guidance through EQIP and exploring grants through climate smart funding.

Explore grants and incentive opportunities via Farmers.gov Climate-Smart Agriculture to support soil carbon sequestration and lower greenhouse gas emissions. This year has been monumental tipping point threshold crossed. Global Tipping Points Report released by international scientists, warming of around 1.3°C to 1.4°C pushed tropical coral reefs past their thermal threshold. It is crucial that more technology is used to lower our carbon footprint.”

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“I would support policies that are responsive to changing conditions. I support education programs that help growers understand changing patterns and helping them plan for changing conditions.”

KEYWORDS: Patterns, education, flexibility

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Farmers are being squeezed: North Dakota net farm income is projected to fall 16% in 2026 as federal payments recede, and fuel and fertilizer costs are expected to keep climbing. The state has tools to help farmers.

First, the state should invest in public agricultural research. Farmers rely on NDSU’s Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension to develop drought-resistant crop varieties and provide disease guidance, soil health practices, and farm management advice, and NDSU’s weather network runs more than 250 stations that inform planting, spraying, and irrigation decisions. Precision agriculture and unmanned aircraft, areas where Grand Forks leads, help farmers use less fuel, fertilizer, and chemicals per bushel. I would protect and grow that funding, because publicly funded research keeps those tools in farmers’ hands.

Second, the state should keep capital available for farmers. The Bank of North Dakota’s farm and beginning-farmer loan programs help families get through hard years.

Third, the state should expand regional markets. I support value-added processing, cooperatives, and regional food networks so more of the food and commodity dollars stay here.”

KEYWORDS: Agricultural research, regional markets, commodity production

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“I would try to attract facilities for a Diesel refinery and a Natural Gas to fertilizer plant making use of the resources we have here in our state to provide lower cost inputs perhaps using a CO-OP model or have a state interest similar to the BND or State Mill. Existing facilities that we now have export their products to Europe and other states providing a market for farmers to sell but not purchase. Innovation could include expanding coal gasification, hydrogen fuels, and methane for the purposes of transportation, drying, and value added production.”

KEYWORDS: Fertilizer - Fuel - Value Added Agriculture

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Policies that provide help to family farms and not big out of state corporation. Policies that will help young and beginning farmers start their operation. Scientific research and innovation has to be part of these policies.”

KEYWORDS: Family Farms, help when needed.

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“North Dakota agriculture has always depended on producers adapting to changing conditions. I would support investments that help farmers and ranchers remain productive while reducing input costs, improving soil and water resilience, and creating new sources of farm income.

For our grasslands and ranching operations, regenerative and managed grazing research should be high on that list. If research on working North Dakota ranches can scientifically demonstrate that managed grazing increases net ecosystem carbon uptake, improves soil health, and increases water-use efficiency, those measurable benefits could potentially support stronger conservation incentives or new carbon-related revenue streams for producers. That could make conservation practices economically valuable rather than simply another cost of doing business.

I also support research into technologies that make sense specifically for North Dakota agriculture. Geothermal energy, for example, may have applications in grain and corn-drying systems that could reduce producers’ energy costs. Our universities and research institutions should be working directly with producers to test ideas like these under real North Dakota conditions.

Science and innovation are most valuable when they result in practical tools that producers can use to lower costs, improve productivity, manage risk, and keep their operations economically viable for the next generation.”

KEYWORDS: Agricultural research; Managed grazing; Soil and water resilience; Innovation; Producer profitability

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Carbon capture by plants needed to be understood and practices developed to support the farmers and environment. Science is useful in developing best practices.”

KEYWORDS: Universities need to conduct applied research to assure sound and practical methods are arrived it for the benefit of all

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“I believe the least amount of taxes and regulation you put on farmers is the best way to support them. Farmers should have access to the latest technologies that are needed for their success and I would support providing a good regulatory environment for these technology companies to locate in North Dakota so farmers have local access to these technologies.”

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Millions, perhaps billions of dollars are already being spent on scientific research to increase production, and reduce costs for farmers. However research paid by check off dollars often benefits the researcher rather than the farmers who paid for it.”

KEYWORDS: The two words are linked and inseparable.

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Farmers can lower operational expenses and reduce environmental impacts by adopting precision technology, improving soil health, and utilizing official conservation programs. The USDA has financial help and guidance through EQIP and exploring grants through climate smart funding.

Explore grants and incentive opportunities via Farmers.gov Climate-Smart Agriculture to support soil carbon sequestration and lower greenhouse gas emissions. This year has been monumental tipping point threshold crossed. Global Tipping Points Report released by international scientists, warming of around 1.3°C to 1.4°C pushed tropical coral reefs past their thermal threshold. It is crucial that more technology is used to lower our carbon footprint.”

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“I would support policies that are responsive to changing conditions. I support education programs that help growers understand changing patterns and helping them plan for changing conditions.”

KEYWORDS: Patterns, education, flexibility

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Farmers are being squeezed: North Dakota net farm income is projected to fall 16% in 2026 as federal payments recede, and fuel and fertilizer costs are expected to keep climbing. The state has tools to help farmers.

First, the state should invest in public agricultural research. Farmers rely on NDSU’s Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension to develop drought-resistant crop varieties and provide disease guidance, soil health practices, and farm management advice, and NDSU’s weather network runs more than 250 stations that inform planting, spraying, and irrigation decisions. Precision agriculture and unmanned aircraft, areas where Grand Forks leads, help farmers use less fuel, fertilizer, and chemicals per bushel. I would protect and grow that funding, because publicly funded research keeps those tools in farmers’ hands.

Second, the state should keep capital available for farmers. The Bank of North Dakota’s farm and beginning-farmer loan programs help families get through hard years.

Third, the state should expand regional markets. I support value-added processing, cooperatives, and regional food networks so more of the food and commodity dollars stay here.”

KEYWORDS: Agricultural research, regional markets, commodity production

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“I would try to attract facilities for a Diesel refinery and a Natural Gas to fertilizer plant making use of the resources we have here in our state to provide lower cost inputs perhaps using a CO-OP model or have a state interest similar to the BND or State Mill. Existing facilities that we now have export their products to Europe and other states providing a market for farmers to sell but not purchase. Innovation could include expanding coal gasification, hydrogen fuels, and methane for the purposes of transportation, drying, and value added production.”

KEYWORDS: Fertilizer - Fuel - Value Added Agriculture

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Policies that provide help to family farms and not big out of state corporation. Policies that will help young and beginning farmers start their operation. Scientific research and innovation has to be part of these policies.”

KEYWORDS: Family Farms, help when needed.

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“North Dakota agriculture has always depended on producers adapting to changing conditions. I would support investments that help farmers and ranchers remain productive while reducing input costs, improving soil and water resilience, and creating new sources of farm income.

For our grasslands and ranching operations, regenerative and managed grazing research should be high on that list. If research on working North Dakota ranches can scientifically demonstrate that managed grazing increases net ecosystem carbon uptake, improves soil health, and increases water-use efficiency, those measurable benefits could potentially support stronger conservation incentives or new carbon-related revenue streams for producers. That could make conservation practices economically valuable rather than simply another cost of doing business.

I also support research into technologies that make sense specifically for North Dakota agriculture. Geothermal energy, for example, may have applications in grain and corn-drying systems that could reduce producers’ energy costs. Our universities and research institutions should be working directly with producers to test ideas like these under real North Dakota conditions.

Science and innovation are most valuable when they result in practical tools that producers can use to lower costs, improve productivity, manage risk, and keep their operations economically viable for the next generation.”

KEYWORDS: Agricultural research; Managed grazing; Soil and water resilience; Innovation; Producer profitability

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Carbon capture by plants needed to be understood and practices developed to support the farmers and environment. Science is useful in developing best practices.”

KEYWORDS: Universities need to conduct applied research to assure sound and practical methods are arrived it for the benefit of all

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“I believe the least amount of taxes and regulation you put on farmers is the best way to support them. Farmers should have access to the latest technologies that are needed for their success and I would support providing a good regulatory environment for these technology companies to locate in North Dakota so farmers have local access to these technologies.”

Q8 North Dakota farmers face challenges including shifting weather patterns, localized droughts, fluctuating input costs, and global market pressures. What policies or investments would you support to help farmers remain productive and economically competitive, and what role could scientific research and innovation play in those efforts?

“Millions, perhaps billions of dollars are already being spent on scientific research to increase production, and reduce costs for farmers. However research paid by check off dollars often benefits the researcher rather than the farmers who paid for it.”

KEYWORDS: The two words are linked and inseparable.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I think the role of state government is to make sure that the constituents in their state are safe And then the land is not affected by any infrastructure project. Regulations are important. The taxpayers of this land shouldn’t have to have the burden that these large scale developments Are making sure the land isn’t being harmed in their venture. The cost should be shifted to the companies who are using our land and our resources. We need to start putting people first and not billionaires and hold them accountable.

I think the science funding should be environmentally focused on if we are being good Stuarts of this land. Projects that are going to help the environment instead of hurting should be giving top priority. We are in an environmental crisis. The priority should be making sure that the family farmer has all the information and technology that they need so that they don’t need to sell their farms to a large corporation because they cannot compete.”

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“I think incentives in the Farm bill should include rewards for Land owners that have sustainable stewardship. Help farmers, ranchers, and foresters maintain productive, resilient operations while protecting soil and water. There are economic benefits that arise from for adopting working-land practices like cover cropping, rotational grazing, and nutrient management.”

KEYWORDS: Expertise and diplomacy, go long way if everyone has a seat at the table.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“This is a very important project that could help provide solutions for climate change. The state should collaborate and foster these projects.”

KEYWORDS: Collaboration, carbon, solut

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“We have many resources and we need to be good stewards. Stewardship means using resources in a way that is thoughtful of future generations.”

KEYWORDS: Sustainable, clean, balanced

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“Both state and federal governments play a necessary role because the public bears the long-term risk of geologic CO₂ storage.

North Dakota regulates its carbon storage wells and was the first state to receive EPA authority to do so. State law also established a trust fund for long-term stewardship of closed sites. In August, the Industrial Commission approved $205 million in loans for Project Tundra. The state owes the public independent evidence when it funds carbon storage projects and looks after them for the long term.

I support three things.

First, operators should pay for monitoring through fees, and regulators and independent scientists should verify the results.

Second, data on CO₂ movement underground, groundwater quality, and seismic activity should be publicly accessible, with baseline water testing completed before injection begins. Two courts have ruled that forcing unwilling landowners into storage projects is unconstitutional, and state-funded carbon storage projects earn landowners’ consent when they share data openly.

Third, state and federal governments should continue funding research at UND’s Energy & Environmental Research Center, along with independent reviews outside project developers. Federal agencies should sustain research grants and keep minimum safety standards.”

KEYWORDS: Carbon storage wells, Project Tundra

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“North Dakota’s land-based resources (soil, grasslands, water, and minerals) underpin our economy, and responsible stewardship keeps agriculture and energy productive for future generations. Evidence-based decision-making should inform the management, conservation, and development of land-based resources.

For management, whoever damages land or water pays to fix it. I support adequate bonding and firm enforcement for spills, abandoned wells, and reclamation, so their cost does not fall on neighbors or taxpayers.

For conservation, I support voluntary, working-land conservation. The Outdoor Heritage Fund pays for grazing systems, tree plantings, wetland restoration, and hunting access that farmers and ranchers choose. The Legislature has limited it to $7.5 million a year, well below the $20 million it could otherwise receive. I would raise that limit.

For development, responsible energy development should continue with benefits reaching North Dakotans first and respecting landowners’ property rights. I would also fund soil, water, and air monitoring and associated research at UND and NDSU.”

KEYWORDS: Conservation, responsible stewardship

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“Utilize the ND DMR existing expertise and data while working with companies interested in these projects. Use CO2 derived taxes to fund ongoing research and safety monitoring including funding emergency response and cleanup.”

KEYWORDS: Income Source - CO2

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“I support CRP and PLOTS along with Federal programs and Private Organizations like Ducks Unlimited and Pheasant Forever for not only watershed and wildlife but also public access and income for rural communities by way of hunting, fishing, and recreation. I believe reclamation of temporary abandoned oil and gas wells along with associated roads, brine ponds, and pipelines is a critical need requiring urgent attention. Coal land reclamation should be used as an example for legislation of oil and gas production including CO2.”

KEYWORDS: Pollution - Environment - Sustainability

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“The state government should monitor these projects making sure they are effect ways of collecting, storing CO2 and the impact on the environment is at a minimum.”

KEYWORDS: Effective and responsible.

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“These policies need to responsibly and respectfully of the land. Any economic development needs to take into account the effect on the land.”

KEYWORDS: Responsible and respectful.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I would place a higher priority on state investment in research and incentives for increasing soil carbon through practices such as managed grazing, where there may be opportunities to improve soil health, water retention, and agricultural productivity while also increasing carbon storage.

Geologic CO₂ storage is a different and much more controversial issue in North Dakota. I am not opposed to the technology, but landowner rights, property interests, groundwater protection, and community concerns need to be addressed before substantial public resources are committed to expanding it. Public acceptance cannot be an afterthought.

If geologic storage projects move forward, however, I believe the state has an important responsibility to ensure that good, independent science accompanies them. That includes monitoring underground CO₂ movement, groundwater, seismic activity, and long-term storage integrity, with the resulting data made transparent and accessible to the public. Research and monitoring are particularly important with technologies whose effects may need to be evaluated over decades.

A more targeted approach, including projects associated with existing coal operations, may also provide opportunities to evaluate the technology and its long-term reliability before committing to broader state investment.”

KEYWORDS: Soil carbon; Landowner rights; Independent monitoring; Groundwater protection; Public transparency

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“I support an all-of-the-above energy strategy that allows North Dakota to remain a major energy-producing state while continuing to strengthen our agricultural economy and responsibly manage our land and natural resources.

Increasingly, competitiveness in global markets includes the ability to measure and document the emissions intensity of the products we produce. Senator Kevin Cramer’s bipartisan PROVE IT Act provides a useful mechanism for doing exactly that by measuring the emissions intensity of U.S. products and comparing them with foreign competitors. North Dakota should not be afraid of good measurements. If our agricultural, energy, and manufactured products can demonstrate that they are produced efficiently and responsibly, that information can become an economic advantage rather than a liability.

Conservation and economic development do not have to be competing goals. Good land stewardship, productive agriculture, responsible energy development, and careful measurement of environmental impacts can help keep North Dakota competitive while protecting the resources on which those industries depend.

Any policies affecting land-based resources also need meaningful involvement from the people directly affected—including landowners, farmers, ranchers, energy producers, local communities, tribal nations, and the public. Long-term policy works best when the people who live and work on the land have a meaningful role in developing it.”

KEYWORDS: All-of-the-above energy; Global competitiveness; Land stewardship; Emissions intensity; Stakeholder involvement

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“North Dakota needs to robustly monitor CO2 delivery and storage activities. In addition develope alternate methods of positive uses of CO2 that have positive environmental outcomes.”

KEYWORDS: State government needs to establish stringent requirements and have industry pay for these methods of measurement, control, and enforcement.

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“All practices must be safe in mining , delivery, and use. Public Service Commission needs to include these factors in granting approvals.”

KEYWORDS: Fossil fuels are important resources but must be used in a way that does not be hazardous to humans or the earth. Agricultural practices must be free from chemicals that cause health problems or damage to the earth.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I’m not sure if ND should be funding the research as I’m sure most of the research has already been done that we can access, but we absolutely need to have the data to make responsible decisions.”

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“North Dakota needs to carefully balance the amount of acreage used for farming and industry to make sure that both sectors can perform as to meet the needs of the state, while still allowing for future growth of other expanding industries.”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“The state should play a major role in monitoring such projects-they are already providing funding.”

KEYWORDS: science funding must have real benefit to North Dakotans

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“Sustainable economic development requires more than extracting finite supplies of coal, natural gas or crude oil. Human Resources are assets to be developed for the next generation of economic growth.”

KEYWORDS: energy is part of the environment-not its enemy

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Treat Indigenous knowledge systems and western science as co-equals to design context-specific environmental and health policies. Making sure that this community has an equal seat at the table to discuss the obstacles that they face and work together.

I think one of the most important aspects of diplomacy is just making sure that everybody has a seat at the table. Experts from every field discussing ideas and hopefully coming to solutions to make the environment better is everyone’s duty as an American citizen.”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I think the role of state government is to make sure that the constituents in their state are safe And then the land is not affected by any infrastructure project. Regulations are important. The taxpayers of this land shouldn’t have to have the burden that these large scale developments Are making sure the land isn’t being harmed in their venture. The cost should be shifted to the companies who are using our land and our resources. We need to start putting people first and not billionaires and hold them accountable.

I think the science funding should be environmentally focused on if we are being good Stuarts of this land. Projects that are going to help the environment instead of hurting should be giving top priority. We are in an environmental crisis. The priority should be making sure that the family farmer has all the information and technology that they need so that they don’t need to sell their farms to a large corporation because they cannot compete.”

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“I think incentives in the Farm bill should include rewards for Land owners that have sustainable stewardship. Help farmers, ranchers, and foresters maintain productive, resilient operations while protecting soil and water. There are economic benefits that arise from for adopting working-land practices like cover cropping, rotational grazing, and nutrient management.”

KEYWORDS: Expertise and diplomacy, go long way if everyone has a seat at the table.

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“I would look to guidance from tribes on what needs there are and how the state could support them.”

KEYWORDS: Stewardship, cooperation, collaboration

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“This is a very important project that could help provide solutions for climate change. The state should collaborate and foster these projects.”

KEYWORDS: Collaboration, carbon, solut

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“We have many resources and we need to be good stewards. Stewardship means using resources in a way that is thoughtful of future generations.”

KEYWORDS: Sustainable, clean, balanced

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Tribal nations are sovereign governments and experienced stewards of land and water. Rivers and aquifers cross reservation boundaries, so stronger tribal capacity in environmental science, land management, and water monitoring makes everyone’s water safer. I would support four policies, shaped in partnership with tribal leaders.

First, I would bring back House Bill 1455, which the Senate defeated 40 to 7 in 2025. This bill would have required the Indian Affairs Commission to consult tribal chairs on bills affecting tribal nations.

Second, state agencies and tribal environmental offices should have agreements to share monitoring data, equipment, and lab access on terms that respect each tribe’s ownership of its own data.

Third, I would expand state research funding that pairs UND and NDSU with tribal colleges and support scholarships and training so tribal communities can hire their own environmental scientists, water operators, and land managers.

Fourth, tribal governments are already eligible for state programs such as the Outdoor Heritage Fund. The state should offer technical help with applications and matching requirements.”

KEYWORDS: Tribal colleges, tribal environmental offices, Indian Affairs Commission

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“Both state and federal governments play a necessary role because the public bears the long-term risk of geologic CO₂ storage.

North Dakota regulates its carbon storage wells and was the first state to receive EPA authority to do so. State law also established a trust fund for long-term stewardship of closed sites. In August, the Industrial Commission approved $205 million in loans for Project Tundra. The state owes the public independent evidence when it funds carbon storage projects and looks after them for the long term.

I support three things.

First, operators should pay for monitoring through fees, and regulators and independent scientists should verify the results.

Second, data on CO₂ movement underground, groundwater quality, and seismic activity should be publicly accessible, with baseline water testing completed before injection begins. Two courts have ruled that forcing unwilling landowners into storage projects is unconstitutional, and state-funded carbon storage projects earn landowners’ consent when they share data openly.

Third, state and federal governments should continue funding research at UND’s Energy & Environmental Research Center, along with independent reviews outside project developers. Federal agencies should sustain research grants and keep minimum safety standards.”

KEYWORDS: Carbon storage wells, Project Tundra

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“North Dakota’s land-based resources (soil, grasslands, water, and minerals) underpin our economy, and responsible stewardship keeps agriculture and energy productive for future generations. Evidence-based decision-making should inform the management, conservation, and development of land-based resources.

For management, whoever damages land or water pays to fix it. I support adequate bonding and firm enforcement for spills, abandoned wells, and reclamation, so their cost does not fall on neighbors or taxpayers.

For conservation, I support voluntary, working-land conservation. The Outdoor Heritage Fund pays for grazing systems, tree plantings, wetland restoration, and hunting access that farmers and ranchers choose. The Legislature has limited it to $7.5 million a year, well below the $20 million it could otherwise receive. I would raise that limit.

For development, responsible energy development should continue with benefits reaching North Dakotans first and respecting landowners’ property rights. I would also fund soil, water, and air monitoring and associated research at UND and NDSU.”

KEYWORDS: Conservation, responsible stewardship

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Increased cooperation and collaboration between Tribal Colleges and state colleges. I believe that this should include open transparency in all phases of discussion and implementation.”

KEYWORDS: Education - Transparency

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“Utilize the ND DMR existing expertise and data while working with companies interested in these projects. Use CO2 derived taxes to fund ongoing research and safety monitoring including funding emergency response and cleanup.”

KEYWORDS: Income Source - CO2

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“I support CRP and PLOTS along with Federal programs and Private Organizations like Ducks Unlimited and Pheasant Forever for not only watershed and wildlife but also public access and income for rural communities by way of hunting, fishing, and recreation. I believe reclamation of temporary abandoned oil and gas wells along with associated roads, brine ponds, and pipelines is a critical need requiring urgent attention. Coal land reclamation should be used as an example for legislation of oil and gas production including CO2.”

KEYWORDS: Pollution - Environment - Sustainability

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Once again, I will always be open to listening to any group and their concerns and help them find solutions to their problems. I will support all of people of my district even the one who did not vote for me.”

KEYWORDS: Help, Listen and support.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“The state government should monitor these projects making sure they are effect ways of collecting, storing CO2 and the impact on the environment is at a minimum.”

KEYWORDS: Effective and responsible.

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“These policies need to responsibly and respectfully of the land. Any economic development needs to take into account the effect on the land.”

KEYWORDS: Responsible and respectful.

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“North Dakota’s tribal nations should be included as partners in environmental policymaking, particularly when decisions involve land, water, and natural resources that cross jurisdictional boundaries.

Tribal nations are sovereign governments, and building productive relationships requires recognizing that sovereignty as well as respecting cultural differences, traditional knowledge, and the priorities of individual tribal communities. I would support state partnerships that improve access to environmental science, technical expertise, water monitoring, and land-management resources when tribal governments identify those as priorities.

The state and tribal nations will not always approach an issue from exactly the same perspective, but we often share important goals: protecting water and land, maintaining productive natural resources, and leaving them in good condition for future generations. Finding those shared goals—and building relationships based on respect, good science, and open communication—is how we can move policy forward together.”

KEYWORDS: Tribal sovereignty; Environmental stewardship; Partnership; Water and land; Shared goals

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I would place a higher priority on state investment in research and incentives for increasing soil carbon through practices such as managed grazing, where there may be opportunities to improve soil health, water retention, and agricultural productivity while also increasing carbon storage.

Geologic CO₂ storage is a different and much more controversial issue in North Dakota. I am not opposed to the technology, but landowner rights, property interests, groundwater protection, and community concerns need to be addressed before substantial public resources are committed to expanding it. Public acceptance cannot be an afterthought.

If geologic storage projects move forward, however, I believe the state has an important responsibility to ensure that good, independent science accompanies them. That includes monitoring underground CO₂ movement, groundwater, seismic activity, and long-term storage integrity, with the resulting data made transparent and accessible to the public. Research and monitoring are particularly important with technologies whose effects may need to be evaluated over decades.

A more targeted approach, including projects associated with existing coal operations, may also provide opportunities to evaluate the technology and its long-term reliability before committing to broader state investment.”

KEYWORDS: Soil carbon; Landowner rights; Independent monitoring; Groundwater protection; Public transparency

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“I support an all-of-the-above energy strategy that allows North Dakota to remain a major energy-producing state while continuing to strengthen our agricultural economy and responsibly manage our land and natural resources.

Increasingly, competitiveness in global markets includes the ability to measure and document the emissions intensity of the products we produce. Senator Kevin Cramer’s bipartisan PROVE IT Act provides a useful mechanism for doing exactly that by measuring the emissions intensity of U.S. products and comparing them with foreign competitors. North Dakota should not be afraid of good measurements. If our agricultural, energy, and manufactured products can demonstrate that they are produced efficiently and responsibly, that information can become an economic advantage rather than a liability.

Conservation and economic development do not have to be competing goals. Good land stewardship, productive agriculture, responsible energy development, and careful measurement of environmental impacts can help keep North Dakota competitive while protecting the resources on which those industries depend.

Any policies affecting land-based resources also need meaningful involvement from the people directly affected—including landowners, farmers, ranchers, energy producers, local communities, tribal nations, and the public. Long-term policy works best when the people who live and work on the land have a meaningful role in developing it.”

KEYWORDS: All-of-the-above energy; Global competitiveness; Land stewardship; Emissions intensity; Stakeholder involvement

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“All tribes need to involved in policy development and implementation.”

KEYWORDS: Indigenous people have beliefs and practices that have significance that should be incorporated into land practices and environmental science

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“North Dakota needs to robustly monitor CO2 delivery and storage activities. In addition develope alternate methods of positive uses of CO2 that have positive environmental outcomes.”

KEYWORDS: State government needs to establish stringent requirements and have industry pay for these methods of measurement, control, and enforcement.

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“All practices must be safe in mining , delivery, and use. Public Service Commission needs to include these factors in granting approvals.”

KEYWORDS: Fossil fuels are important resources but must be used in a way that does not be hazardous to humans or the earth. Agricultural practices must be free from chemicals that cause health problems or damage to the earth.

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Tribal entities certainly need to have a seat at the table when determining how we move forward with any of these issues and their concerns need to be taken into account.”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I’m not sure if ND should be funding the research as I’m sure most of the research has already been done that we can access, but we absolutely need to have the data to make responsible decisions.”

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“North Dakota needs to carefully balance the amount of acreage used for farming and industry to make sure that both sectors can perform as to meet the needs of the state, while still allowing for future growth of other expanding industries.”

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Tribally operated environmental programs should have the full resources of state operated programs available to them also. The federal programs should be allies and not competitors

Diplomacy doesn’t mean compromise, it means shared underrstanding”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“The state should play a major role in monitoring such projects-they are already providing funding.”

KEYWORDS: science funding must have real benefit to North Dakotans

Q4 North Dakota is a top state in the nation for both reserves and production of crude oil, natural gas, and coal (https://www.eia.gov/states/ND/analysis) and over 38 million acres are used for crop and livestock production (US Census of Agriculture, https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/North_Dakota/). What policies, if any, do you support or envision in managing land-based resources in North Dakota (and nationally) and how do these policies relate to conservation and economic development in natural resource sectors?

“Sustainable economic development requires more than extracting finite supplies of coal, natural gas or crude oil. Human Resources are assets to be developed for the next generation of economic growth.”

KEYWORDS: energy is part of the environment-not its enemy

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“When approving large infrastructure and/or technology projects your affected communities should have complete transparency to approval of these projects. There should never be NDS that your community has no information and logistics along with cost and environmental impact studies. Town halls should be used so that voters can make decisions in their best interest.

The health and wellbeing of the community is the most important factor in any decision made. Protecting the environment for the future of our communities is vital in protecting home values. All factors should be considered before deciding on these major projects that affect the future of our communities. Experts brought forth by each side with no economic impact for the residents.”

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Communities should have a large say in big projects. I support requiring full transparency, community meetings, communication with all stakeholders.”

KEYWORDS: Transparency, sustainability, community

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Local communities live with the traffic, noise, water use, and power demands of large infrastructure or technology projects. They should have a say throughout approval processes, with the facts in hand.

Recent state decisions have reduced local communities’ role in the approval process. In 2025, the Legislature passed House Bill 1258, which lets a state permit override township and county zoning for electric transmission lines. Data centers generally need only a local permit, with no formal environmental review, leaving small local boards to negotiate with some of the world’s largest companies.

I would support four policies.

1. No non-disclosure agreements between developers and public officials to ensure transparency.

2. The state should create model standards for siting, noise, water, and power use that small communities can adopt, plus technical help to evaluate proposals.

3. The state should have to weigh local ordinances when it makes a final siting decision. The state should also have to explain in writing when it overrides local ordinances.

4. Developers should pay for the roads, substations, and power lines their projects require, and community benefit agreements should put commitments on jobs and local payments in writing.”

KEYWORDS: Data centers, local ordinances, energy, model standards

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Housing should be available for both construction and permanent employees including the necessary improvements ( water, sewer, electricity, roads, etc. ) And consideration given to the need for expanding police, schools, fire department, etc. without placing undue burden on existing residents with higher taxes and special assessments. “

KEYWORDS: Housing - Taxes

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Local communities should have a say in what is happening in their communities and should know what these projects are and how it will affect the community. I would support a policy where Non-Discloser Agreement (NDA) are not used. Again, I would want to community involvement in any decision made.”

KEYWORDS: Discussion, and debate on policy Fair hiring.

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Local communities should have a meaningful voice when large infrastructure or technology projects are proposed in their area. Like any major industry project, there needs to be transparency, accountability, and public input from the beginning—not after the major decisions have already been made.

I support policies that require clear information about a project’s expected benefits and impacts, including jobs, infrastructure needs, water and energy use, tax incentives, and long-term costs to the community. Local governments and residents should have the information they need to ask questions and help shape decisions that will affect them for years.

North Dakota has always welcomed industry, but being a good neighbor matters. Companies that communicate openly, hire locally when possible, invest in the communities where they operate, and address legitimate local concerns are more likely to build the trust needed for long-term success.

Economic development should benefit both the project and the community that hosts it.”

KEYWORDS: Local input; Transparency; Accountability; Community benefit; Economic development

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Communities should have full knowledge of large projects. Their role should include zoning.”

KEYWORDS: Communities need to be involved in education and housing plans and decisions to prepare for the needs of workers and their families.

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“The state should have a rule in regulating infrastructure and technology projects, but location for projects should be kept to the local subdivisions.”

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Proposed large infrastructure projects need to comply with reasonable zoning ordinances and provide adequate time and information for local officials in all their capacities to fully understand the impacts on the entire community and region.

Policy regarding economic development, workforce development , and the quality of the jobs are not often evaluated by people capable of that evaluation.”

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“When approving large infrastructure and/or technology projects your affected communities should have complete transparency to approval of these projects. There should never be NDS that your community has no information and logistics along with cost and environmental impact studies. Town halls should be used so that voters can make decisions in their best interest.

The health and wellbeing of the community is the most important factor in any decision made. Protecting the environment for the future of our communities is vital in protecting home values. All factors should be considered before deciding on these major projects that affect the future of our communities. Experts brought forth by each side with no economic impact for the residents.”

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“Explaining the importance of science to skeptical people works best when you validate their doubt as a core scientific value rather than treating it as an obstacle. Reframe science as a tool: Present science not as a rigid belief system, but as a systematic method for testing claims against reality.”

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Communities should have a large say in big projects. I support requiring full transparency, community meetings, communication with all stakeholders.”

KEYWORDS: Transparency, sustainability, community

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“Evidence and research should guide public policies. With COVID we saw how some people got very upset when the guidance we were given was difficult or seemed contradictory. I think people tend to want black and white answers. Policy makers need to communicate information and be transparent about uncertainty.”

KEYWORDS: Honesty, input, integrity

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Local communities live with the traffic, noise, water use, and power demands of large infrastructure or technology projects. They should have a say throughout approval processes, with the facts in hand.

Recent state decisions have reduced local communities’ role in the approval process. In 2025, the Legislature passed House Bill 1258, which lets a state permit override township and county zoning for electric transmission lines. Data centers generally need only a local permit, with no formal environmental review, leaving small local boards to negotiate with some of the world’s largest companies.

I would support four policies.

1. No non-disclosure agreements between developers and public officials to ensure transparency.

2. The state should create model standards for siting, noise, water, and power use that small communities can adopt, plus technical help to evaluate proposals.

3. The state should have to weigh local ordinances when it makes a final siting decision. The state should also have to explain in writing when it overrides local ordinances.

4. Developers should pay for the roads, substations, and power lines their projects require, and community benefit agreements should put commitments on jobs and local payments in writing.”

KEYWORDS: Data centers, local ordinances, energy, model standards

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“Scientific evidence should come first in every decision I make. I studied biology before my career in teaching and public administration, earned a doctorate in education, and work at a research university.

I would ask three questions of every bill. What does the best available evidence say? Who are the independent experts, and who paid for the research? Whom does the bill affect, and have they been heard? North Dakota has deep expertise at UND, NDSU, our tribal colleges, and state agencies, and I would use it. When the House rejected a 2025 bill to criminalize fluoride in public water, testimony from dentists and public health professionals mattered.

On uncertainty, I would be direct. I would say what we know, what we do not know yet, and what new evidence would change my mind. Changing course when the facts change is good governance. I would also build review dates and data reporting into major laws so we check results.”

KEYWORDS: Scientific evidence, independent experts, data reporting

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Housing should be available for both construction and permanent employees including the necessary improvements ( water, sewer, electricity, roads, etc. ) And consideration given to the need for expanding police, schools, fire department, etc. without placing undue burden on existing residents with higher taxes and special assessments. “

KEYWORDS: Housing - Taxes

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“By utilizing our State Universities we can provide the trust our citizens deserve. Projects should be based on their benefits to the community and state not just their profitability to investors. All projects should be based upon science.”

KEYWORDS: Trust - Science - NDSU - UND - Engineering

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Local communities should have a say in what is happening in their communities and should know what these projects are and how it will affect the community. I would support a policy where Non-Discloser Agreement (NDA) are not used. Again, I would want to community involvement in any decision made.”

KEYWORDS: Discussion, and debate on policy Fair hiring.

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“Scientific evidence and expert input should be part of any policymaking process. I would do my best to explain to the public what is involved in these policies, how they will impact them and listen to their concerns.”

KEYWORDS: Listen, communicate, and inform

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Local communities should have a meaningful voice when large infrastructure or technology projects are proposed in their area. Like any major industry project, there needs to be transparency, accountability, and public input from the beginning—not after the major decisions have already been made.

I support policies that require clear information about a project’s expected benefits and impacts, including jobs, infrastructure needs, water and energy use, tax incentives, and long-term costs to the community. Local governments and residents should have the information they need to ask questions and help shape decisions that will affect them for years.

North Dakota has always welcomed industry, but being a good neighbor matters. Companies that communicate openly, hire locally when possible, invest in the communities where they operate, and address legitimate local concerns are more likely to build the trust needed for long-term success.

Economic development should benefit both the project and the community that hosts it.”

KEYWORDS: Local input; Transparency; Accountability; Community benefit; Economic development

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“As a trained scientist as well as a veterinarian, my career has been built around taking complex, evidence-based information, evaluating its strengths and limitations, and translating it for clients so they can make the best decisions for their animals. I would bring those same skills to policymaking.

Scientific evidence and technical expertise should be an important part of developing good public policy. That means seeking out qualified experts, asking whether the evidence actually supports the conclusions being drawn, and being willing to adjust when better information becomes available.

Science also involves uncertainty. Evidence evolves, studies can disagree, and sometimes we simply do not have enough information yet. Policymakers should be willing to say that clearly rather than presenting uncertainty as certainty. I believe people are capable of understanding complexity when we communicate it honestly and in plain language.

I would use a combination of social media and other evolving communication tools, regular in-person town halls, and meetings with stakeholders to explain both the evidence behind policy decisions and the uncertainties that remain.”

KEYWORDS: Evidence-based policy; Scientific expertise; Transparency; Scientific uncertainty; Public communication

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Communities should have full knowledge of large projects. Their role should include zoning.”

KEYWORDS: Communities need to be involved in education and housing plans and decisions to prepare for the needs of workers and their families.

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“All public expenditures should have a return on investment aspect. Scientific evidence needs to be a paramount feature in decisionmaking.”

KEYWORDS: Evidence based practices are crucial.

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“The state should have a rule in regulating infrastructure and technology projects, but location for projects should be kept to the local subdivisions.”

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“We put a lot of trust into industry experts, and I would absolutely listen to them when determining necessary steps to helping ND industries.”

Q7 What role should local communities play in approving large infrastructure or technology projects? What policies would you support related to this role and the economic impact of large projects on local communities?

“Proposed large infrastructure projects need to comply with reasonable zoning ordinances and provide adequate time and information for local officials in all their capacities to fully understand the impacts on the entire community and region.

Policy regarding economic development, workforce development , and the quality of the jobs are not often evaluated by people capable of that evaluation.”

Q9 Scientific and technical expertise can inform decisions related to healthcare, energy, infrastructure, manufacturing, and emerging technologies. What role, if any, should scientific evidence and expert input play in your policymaking process, and how would you communicate scientific uncertainty or evolving evidence to the public?

“Science is based on understanding environmental reality. Policy makers must use a discipline approach in dealing that emerging understanding when determine the proper role of government.”

KEYWORDS: Open, accurate, unbiased, inclusive, non-defensive

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Treat Indigenous knowledge systems and western science as co-equals to design context-specific environmental and health policies. Making sure that this community has an equal seat at the table to discuss the obstacles that they face and work together.

I think one of the most important aspects of diplomacy is just making sure that everybody has a seat at the table. Experts from every field discussing ideas and hopefully coming to solutions to make the environment better is everyone’s duty as an American citizen.”

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“I would look to guidance from tribes on what needs there are and how the state could support them.”

KEYWORDS: Stewardship, cooperation, collaboration

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Tribal nations are sovereign governments and experienced stewards of land and water. Rivers and aquifers cross reservation boundaries, so stronger tribal capacity in environmental science, land management, and water monitoring makes everyone’s water safer. I would support four policies, shaped in partnership with tribal leaders.

First, I would bring back House Bill 1455, which the Senate defeated 40 to 7 in 2025. This bill would have required the Indian Affairs Commission to consult tribal chairs on bills affecting tribal nations.

Second, state agencies and tribal environmental offices should have agreements to share monitoring data, equipment, and lab access on terms that respect each tribe’s ownership of its own data.

Third, I would expand state research funding that pairs UND and NDSU with tribal colleges and support scholarships and training so tribal communities can hire their own environmental scientists, water operators, and land managers.

Fourth, tribal governments are already eligible for state programs such as the Outdoor Heritage Fund. The state should offer technical help with applications and matching requirements.”

KEYWORDS: Tribal colleges, tribal environmental offices, Indian Affairs Commission

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Increased cooperation and collaboration between Tribal Colleges and state colleges. I believe that this should include open transparency in all phases of discussion and implementation.”

KEYWORDS: Education - Transparency

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Once again, I will always be open to listening to any group and their concerns and help them find solutions to their problems. I will support all of people of my district even the one who did not vote for me.”

KEYWORDS: Help, Listen and support.

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“North Dakota’s tribal nations should be included as partners in environmental policymaking, particularly when decisions involve land, water, and natural resources that cross jurisdictional boundaries.

Tribal nations are sovereign governments, and building productive relationships requires recognizing that sovereignty as well as respecting cultural differences, traditional knowledge, and the priorities of individual tribal communities. I would support state partnerships that improve access to environmental science, technical expertise, water monitoring, and land-management resources when tribal governments identify those as priorities.

The state and tribal nations will not always approach an issue from exactly the same perspective, but we often share important goals: protecting water and land, maintaining productive natural resources, and leaving them in good condition for future generations. Finding those shared goals—and building relationships based on respect, good science, and open communication—is how we can move policy forward together.”

KEYWORDS: Tribal sovereignty; Environmental stewardship; Partnership; Water and land; Shared goals

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“All tribes need to involved in policy development and implementation.”

KEYWORDS: Indigenous people have beliefs and practices that have significance that should be incorporated into land practices and environmental science

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Tribal entities certainly need to have a seat at the table when determining how we move forward with any of these issues and their concerns need to be taken into account.”

Q10 Tribal nations play an important role in North Dakota’s environmental stewardship, but many face challenges in accessing resources and infrastructure for environmental science, land management, and water monitoring. What policies, if any, would you support to strengthen tribal capacity in these areas, and why?

“Tribally operated environmental programs should have the full resources of state operated programs available to them also. The federal programs should be allies and not competitors

Diplomacy doesn’t mean compromise, it means shared underrstanding”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I think the role of state government is to make sure that the constituents in their state are safe And then the land is not affected by any infrastructure project. Regulations are important. The taxpayers of this land shouldn’t have to have the burden that these large scale developments Are making sure the land isn’t being harmed in their venture. The cost should be shifted to the companies who are using our land and our resources. We need to start putting people first and not billionaires and hold them accountable.

I think the science funding should be environmentally focused on if we are being good Stuarts of this land. Projects that are going to help the environment instead of hurting should be giving top priority. We are in an environmental crisis. The priority should be making sure that the family farmer has all the information and technology that they need so that they don’t need to sell their farms to a large corporation because they cannot compete.”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“This is a very important project that could help provide solutions for climate change. The state should collaborate and foster these projects.”

KEYWORDS: Collaboration, carbon, solut

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“Both state and federal governments play a necessary role because the public bears the long-term risk of geologic CO₂ storage.

North Dakota regulates its carbon storage wells and was the first state to receive EPA authority to do so. State law also established a trust fund for long-term stewardship of closed sites. In August, the Industrial Commission approved $205 million in loans for Project Tundra. The state owes the public independent evidence when it funds carbon storage projects and looks after them for the long term.

I support three things.

First, operators should pay for monitoring through fees, and regulators and independent scientists should verify the results.

Second, data on CO₂ movement underground, groundwater quality, and seismic activity should be publicly accessible, with baseline water testing completed before injection begins. Two courts have ruled that forcing unwilling landowners into storage projects is unconstitutional, and state-funded carbon storage projects earn landowners’ consent when they share data openly.

Third, state and federal governments should continue funding research at UND’s Energy & Environmental Research Center, along with independent reviews outside project developers. Federal agencies should sustain research grants and keep minimum safety standards.”

KEYWORDS: Carbon storage wells, Project Tundra

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“Utilize the ND DMR existing expertise and data while working with companies interested in these projects. Use CO2 derived taxes to fund ongoing research and safety monitoring including funding emergency response and cleanup.”

KEYWORDS: Income Source - CO2

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“The state government should monitor these projects making sure they are effect ways of collecting, storing CO2 and the impact on the environment is at a minimum.”

KEYWORDS: Effective and responsible.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I would place a higher priority on state investment in research and incentives for increasing soil carbon through practices such as managed grazing, where there may be opportunities to improve soil health, water retention, and agricultural productivity while also increasing carbon storage.

Geologic CO₂ storage is a different and much more controversial issue in North Dakota. I am not opposed to the technology, but landowner rights, property interests, groundwater protection, and community concerns need to be addressed before substantial public resources are committed to expanding it. Public acceptance cannot be an afterthought.

If geologic storage projects move forward, however, I believe the state has an important responsibility to ensure that good, independent science accompanies them. That includes monitoring underground CO₂ movement, groundwater, seismic activity, and long-term storage integrity, with the resulting data made transparent and accessible to the public. Research and monitoring are particularly important with technologies whose effects may need to be evaluated over decades.

A more targeted approach, including projects associated with existing coal operations, may also provide opportunities to evaluate the technology and its long-term reliability before committing to broader state investment.”

KEYWORDS: Soil carbon; Landowner rights; Independent monitoring; Groundwater protection; Public transparency

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“North Dakota needs to robustly monitor CO2 delivery and storage activities. In addition develope alternate methods of positive uses of CO2 that have positive environmental outcomes.”

KEYWORDS: State government needs to establish stringent requirements and have industry pay for these methods of measurement, control, and enforcement.

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“I’m not sure if ND should be funding the research as I’m sure most of the research has already been done that we can access, but we absolutely need to have the data to make responsible decisions.”

Q6 North Dakota is developing large-scale carbon capture and geologic CO₂ storage projects, which require monitoring of underground CO₂ movement and potential impacts on groundwater and seismic activity. What role, if any, should state/federal governments play in funding research and collecting data on the effectiveness, environmental impacts, and long-term reliability of geologic CO₂ storage?

“The state should play a major role in monitoring such projects-they are already providing funding.”

KEYWORDS: science funding must have real benefit to North Dakotans